![]() A total of 47 states have amended laws that define “minors” for the purposes of juvenile court jurisdiction, as persons up to age 18. In recent years, several states have modified the upper age boundary of juvenile court jurisdiction, known colloquially as “raise-the-age” policies. There is growing movement to right-size juvenile justice systems to better meet the developmental needs of youth and young adults by examining the parameters of juvenile court jurisdiction. The paper includes policy strategies for reducing collateral consequences and considerations for Governor’s offices and state administrative agencies when implementing these policies. ![]() A paper was then developed that details the discussions and conclusions reached about the impact of these consequences on both youth and their families. In 2022, NGA conducted a series of learning calls and hosted a virtual roundtable to better understand the range of consequences youth may face as a result of interaction with the juvenile justice system. State Strategies To Address The Needs Of Justice-Involved Youth Impacted By Collateral Consequences Many juvenile justice reform movements not only emphasize decarceration of children, youth and young adults, but also prioritize improvements to confinement conditions while investing in community-based alternatives to youth confinement. With these facts in mind, state leaders, youth-serving organizations and advocates have worked to understand and apply brain science research to ensure juvenile justice systems are better able to meet the unique needs of youth and young adults. Youth and young adults also are more likely to engage in risky behavior because their prefrontal cortex, which governs executive functions, reasoning and impulse-control, is not fully developed. Compared with adults, youth and young adults are more susceptible to negative peer influences and are more likely to overreact to situations. Recent research on adolescent brain development shows that the human brain continues to develop and mature throughout adolescence, even into the 20s.
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